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deer stalking
Deer stalking is a British term for the stealthy pursuit of deer on foot with intention of killing the deer to control the numbers, as part of a land management programme, to reduce crop damage, for food or for sport. Stalked deer are usually shot with a high powered centre-fire rifle. Stalking sticks are often used to steady the aim and to steady the binoculars when scanning the ground.
The term "Deer hunting" is used in North America for the sporting hunting and shooting of deer, whilst in Britain and Ireland has historically been the sporting pursuit of deer with scent hounds, with unarmed followers typically on horseback.
==History==
"Stalking" is defined as to pursue or approach stealthily which is often necessary when approaching wild deer, or the high seat overseeing the area where the deer are likely to be passing. Scottish deer stalking is often done under the guidance of a stalker or a gillie, a resident expert. Deer stalking is not the only form of control, or culling, for the six wild species of deer at large in the UK. The six species are Red Deer, Roe Deer, Fallow Deer, Sika Deer, Muntjac and Chinese Water Deer and there have never been more deer at large or more widely distributed in the UK than there are now. The first two species are indigenous although new populations have appeared after deliberate releases and escapes from parks or farms. A result of this is that both Red Deer and Roe Deer are now present in several parts of Wales, a country from which both had been absent as wild animals for several centuries. Fallow Deer have been at large in many parts of the UK for at least 1,000 years, added to by more recent escapes, but the other three species have solely originated from ornamental collections and deer farms, principally from Woburn Abbey, escaping through damaged fences or sometimes by deliberate release. A number of deer escaped in southern England following damage to fences by the hurricane of 1987.
Apart from the stalking of Red and Sika Deer on the open hillsides of Scotland and the Lake District which takes place in daylight, most deer stalking takes place in the first and last two hours of daylight and most people never come into contact with it although it occurs almost everywhere. The only English county without any wild deer is Middlesex and in all other English and Scottish counties and most Welsh counties there are deer populations controlled by deer stalking. Antlers are measured by one of several scoring systems used to compare the relative merits of the heads. In Europe including the UK the Conseil International du Chasse (CIC) system is used, in America it is either the Boone & Crockett or Safari Club International (SCI), and in Australasia it is the Douglas system.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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